What is a significant consequence of excessive immune activation caused by superantigens?

Superantigens are a unique class of antigens that cause excessive activation of the immune system by bypassing normal antigen processing and presenting mechanisms. When superantigens bind to T-cell receptors and MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells, they stimulate a large number of T cells to activate simultaneously, leading to an overwhelming immune response.

This massive activation of T cells results in the release of excessive amounts of cytokines, which can lead to a condition known as cytokine storm. The cytokine storm is responsible for severe inflammation, which can damage tissues and organs. This tissue damage is a significant consequence of the immune system being excessively activated by superantigens and can result in serious conditions such as toxic shock syndrome or various autoimmune diseases.

In contrast to other options, decreased cell growth and promotion of tissue regeneration are not direct consequences of superantigen activity. While excessive immune activation can lead to tissue damage, it does not promote regeneration; rather, it hampers the healing process. Furthermore, the enhancement of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is not a direct consequence of immune activation but may involve other mechanisms related to bacterial adaptation or mutations.

Thus, option C accurately captures the significant consequence of excessive immune activation due to superantigens, highlighting the severe inflammation and