What is the main function of ribosomes in bacterial cells?

The primary function of ribosomes in bacterial cells is protein synthesis. Ribosomes are complex molecular machines that facilitate the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptides or proteins. During this process, ribosomes read the sequence of the mRNA and assemble the corresponding amino acids into a protein chain according to the genetic instructions provided.

In bacterial cells, which are prokaryotic and lack a nucleus, ribosomes are found freely floating in the cytoplasm as well as attached to the plasma membrane. The ability of ribosomes to synthesize proteins is essential for the growth, reproduction, and overall functioning of the cell, as proteins serve as enzymes, structural components, and play numerous roles in cellular metabolism.

The other options represent important cellular processes but are not functions of ribosomes. Energy production typically occurs in structures such as the cell membrane in bacteria, while DNA replication involves specific enzymes that duplicate the genetic material. Cell division, particularly binary fission in bacteria, requires several processes and structures but is not directly associated with the role of ribosomes. Therefore, protein synthesis is the defining function of ribosomes in bacterial cells.